The experiences of family members of persons with intellectual disabilities who used residential care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic.

BACKGROUND: The global COVID-19 pandemic has shown the vulnerability of some population groups, including persons with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). AIM: The present paper will provide more clarity and understanding of the experiences of family members of persons with IDD housed in residential facilities in Catalonia within the period of maximum restrictions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Semi-structured interviews were conducted using an interpretive phenomenological qualitative approach. Study participants consisted of 14 relatives of IDD individuals who were institutionalized in residence facilities or homes. The guiding questions emerged from group discussions with relatives of those with IDD who did not participate in the subsequent interviews. Drawing from this group, the factors that were identified to have had the greatest impact on their lives were later used to guide the interviews. Data collection was carried out in face-to-face individual interviews that were recorded together with the observations of two researchers between February and October 2022. RESULTS: Our analysis identified 4 main themes that developed into additional factors: the decision to stay at home or in the residence, fear, illness, and protocol. Individuals with IDD lost their daily routines, suffered from social isolation, and did not understand the situation. CONCLUSION: The results of this study allow for a better understanding of the experiences of families of persons with IDD in residential centres during the lockdown by identifying their needs and how to better support them in the future. OUTCOMES AND RESULTS: Knowledge and understanding of these events should allow for better management of similar situations in the future.

This study contributes to a growing body of research that examines the experiences of IDD individuals and their families during the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic. A qualitative phenomenological interpretative approach was used following the recommendations of qualitative research practices in health care. Our findings reveal that relatives of persons with IDD who lived in residential care homes felt that the residents were not adequately cared for by the staff, who applied measures for containment and contagion prevention that were disproportionate, resulting in their needs not being considered; these recommended measures had been developed for elderly care homes. Individuals with IDD lost their daily routines, suffered from social isolation, and did not understand the situation. The present findings show that residential care homes for persons with IDD require specific action protocols in crisis situations that are adapted to the needs and characteristics of each centre,thus adopting a model of care based on human rights.

Impact of a PROgram of Cardiovascular nursE interventionS in a VALVular haEmodynamic Unit (PROCESS-VALVE) on Quality Indicators: A Quasi-Experimental Ambispective Study.

Background: The percutaneous treatment of heart valve diseases carried out in the hemodynamic service is constantly growing. After analyzing the mortality, readmissions, success of the procedure, and complications, several studies support this type of percutaneous procedure. The increase in these procedures has required the creation of multidisciplinary teams and new diagnostic and care circuits, such as presurgical consultations and postsurgical follow-ups. Even so, there is little evidence regarding the effect of these consultations on quality indicators. Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of a program of presurgical and postsurgical nurse interventions (PROCESS-VALVE) on quality indicators of the health of patients undergoing percutaneous valve procedures. Patients and Methods: The influence of presurgical and postsurgical consultations on quality indicators will be evaluated through an ambispective quasi-experimental study. Patients will be recruited at a tertiary-level hospital in Barcelona, Spain. For the control group, data will be collected retrospectively from patients who underwent percutaneous valve procedures but did not receive pre- or postsurgical consultations. The intervention group comprises those patients agreeing to participate in the study and the hemodynamic nurse valve consultation program (PROCESS-VALVE). In addition, we will assess whether a face-to-face postsurgical consultation equally improves quality indicators compared to postsurgical telephone consultation; for this, a sub-study will be carried out comparing face-to-face or telephone postsurgical follow-up by means of a randomized controlled clinical trial with simple blinding in the intervention group. Discussion: This study will generate scientific evidence regarding the impact on quality indicators of a nursing intervention via presurgical and postsurgical consultations. In addition, it will allow us to decide the most appropriate follow-up strategy for this type of patient. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05179278, registration date 01/05/2022.

Adaptation, implementation, and evaluation of an online health sciences training program for brief smoking intervention: A pre-post study in four European countries.

BACKGROUND: Tobacco cessation intervention has a positive impact on quality of care. For health professionals, limited competency in this area may be associated with poor training during their academic programs. There is a clear need to further develop and implement training programs to improve tobacco cessation knowledge, skills, and attitudes among healthcare students. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of the innovative online training program "Brief Intervention in Smoking Cessation" for healthcare students to improve their knowledge, skills, and attitudes. DESIGN: A pre-post evaluation study with a satisfaction assessment tool was used. SETTING: Seven universities from four European countries, including Belgium, Portugal, Spain, and the United Kingdom, participated. PARTICIPANTS: One thousand and seventy-two (1072) undergraduate students participated, with 851 completing the online program. METHODS: All participants completed the "Brief Intervention in Smoking Cessation" online program, which consisted of five theoretical modules, five videos, and three virtual simulation cases between January 2020 and June 2022. Knowledge was assessed by a multiple-choice test, and practical skills were assessed by a simulation algorithm, both of which were developed by education and smoking cessation experts. Competency was achieved when students successfully completed both assessments. Satisfaction was measured using an ad hoc 16-item questionnaire. Pre-post changes in knowledge were assessed using a paired Student's t-test. RESULTS: Eighty-six percent of the students achieved smoking cessation competency. Students significantly improved their knowledge score on a scale of 0 to 10 points, with a mean pre-program score of 3.79 vs a mean post-program score of 7.33 ([-3.7 - -3.4] p < 0.001), acquiring sufficient attitudes and skills (simulation mean of 7.4 out of 10 points). Students were highly satisfied with the program (8.2 out of 10) and recommended it to other students (8.4 out of 10). CONCLUSIONS: The "Brief Intervention in Smoking Cessation" online training program is effective for the acquisition of smoking cessation competencies among European health profession students.

Passive exposure and perceptions of smoke-free policies in hospital and university campuses among nursing students: A cross-sectional multicenter study.

INTRODUCTION: Outdoor smoke-free regulations reduce exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and help to denormalize tobacco use. As future key agents in health promotion, nursing students' attitudes should agree with tobacco-control policies. The objectives of this study were: 1) assess nursing students' exposure to SHS in nursing schools, 2) explore their perceptions of compliance with the existing smoke-free regulations in acute-care hospitals; and 3) describe their support for indoor and outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional multicenter study conducted in 2015-2016 in all 15 university nursing schools in Catalonia, Spain. A questionnaire gathered information on SHS exposure, awareness of the smoke-free regulation in acutecare hospitals, and support for smoke-free policies in indoor and outdoor areas of hospitals and university campuses. Participants were nursing students attending classes on the day of the survey. We performed descriptive analyses and calculated adjusted prevalence ratios (APR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Of 4381 respondents, 99.1% had seen people smoking in outdoor areas of their university campus, and 75.2% had been exposed to SHS on the campus (6.0% indoors and 69.2% outdoors). Nearly 60% were aware of the smoking regulation in place in acute-care hospitals. There was widespread support for smoke-free indoor hospital regulation (98.7%), but less support (64.8%) for outdoor regulations. Approximately 33% supported the regulation to make outdoor healthcare campuses smoke-free, which was higher among third-year students compared to first-year students (APR=1.41; 95% CI: 1.24-1.62), among never smokers (41.4%; APR=2.84; 95% CI: 2.21-3.64) compared to smokers, and among those who were aware of the regulation (38.4%; 95% CI: 1.37-1.75). CONCLUSIONS: Exposure to SHS on university campuses is high. Nursing students express low support for strengthening outdoor smoking bans on hospital and university campuses. Interventions aiming to increase their support should be implemented.

Análisis de las complicaciones del acceso vascular en hemodiálisis. Una revisión sistemática / Analysis of complications of vascular access in hemodialysis: A systematic review

Introducción:El acceso vascular sigue siendo uno de los retos más importantes en todas las unidades de diálisis, por todas las complicaciones derivadas de su uso y el gran impacto en la mor-bimortalidad del enfermo renal. Los tres tipos de acceso vascu-lar más utilizados son la fístula arteriovenosa nativa, el injerto o fístula arteriovenosa protésica y el catéter venoso central. Objetivo: Analizar y evaluar la situación actual y la incidencia de las complicaciones relacionadas con los diferentes accesos vasculares en hemodiálisis. Metodología: Se realizó una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS y SciELO. Se incluyeron todos los artículos originales de menos de 5 años de antigüe-dad en los que uno de sus objetivos fuera analizar la preva-lencia o incidencia de las complicaciones de cualquier acceso vascular en hemodiálisis en población adulta. Resultados: El número de artículos para el análisis fueron 15. De ellos, 14 fueron estudios observacionales y uno, un ensa-yo clínico multicéntrico. Se analizaron datos demográficos de los pacientes, la prevalencia de complicaciones entre todos los accesos vasculares y la incidencia de complicaciones se-gún fístula nativa/protésica/catéter venoso central.Conclusiones: La fístula arteriovenosa nativa es el acceso vas-cular de elección ya que tiene tasas de complicaciones muy bajas. De entre ellas, la trombosis, es la complicación con más incidencia. El uso de catéter venoso central todavía es muy habitual, pese a ser el acceso vascular que presenta mayores tasas de complicaciones como las infecciones y la bacteriemia, produciéndose en un 10%-17% de los pacientes portadores.(AU)

Introduction: Vascular access remains one of the most important challenges in all dialysis units due to the complications associated with its use and its significant impact on the morbidity and mortality of renal patients. The three most used types of vascular access are native arteriovenous fistula, graft or prosthetic arteriovenous fistula, and central venous catheter. Objective: To analyze and evaluate the current situation and incidence of complications related to different vascular accesses in hemodialysis. Methodology : A systematic review was conducted using the PubMed, CINAHL, SCOPUS, and SciELO databases. All original articles published within the last 5 years that aimed to analyze the prevalence or incidence of complications related to any vascular access in hemodialysis in the adult population were included. Results: A total of 15 articles were included for analysis. Among them, 14 were observational studies, and one was a multicenter clinical trial. Demographic data of the patients, the prevalence of complications across all vascular accesses, and the incidence of complications for native fistula/prosthetic fistula/central venous catheter were analyzed. Conclusions: Native arteriovenous fistula is the preferred vascular access due to its very low complication rates. Among the complications, thrombosis has the highest incidence. The use of central venous catheters is still common, despite having higher rates of complications such as infections and bacteremia, occurring in 10%-17% of the patients.(AU)

Knowledge, attitudes, behavioral and organizational factors of health professions students for a competent smoking cessation practice: An instrument adaptation and psychometric validation study in Spanish and English samples.

BACKGROUND: To improve smoking cessation, training of health professions students is essential. However, no specific instrument is available to assess factors that may affect students' learning about smoking cessation practice. AIM: To adapt and validate the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Organization questionnaire in the population of undergraduate health professions students. DESIGN: Methodological research. METHODS: The researchers conducted this study with 511 Spanish and 186 English health professions students from four different universities. We used a four-step approach: 1) adaptation of the items to the target population and validation of the content by a panel of experts; 2) a pilot study to test face validity; 3) linguistic adaptation of the Spanish version to English; and 4) the psychometric assessment based on construct validity, criterion validity and internal consistency. RESULTS: Exploratory factor analysis revealed four subscales for the Spanish version, namely 'Individual knowledge and skills', 'Individual attitudes and beliefs', 'Organizational support' and 'Organizational resources', which accounted for 85.1% of the variance. Confirmatory factor analysis in the holdout Spanish and English samples revealed adequate goodness-of-fit values, supporting the factor structure. Hypotheses testing demonstrated significant differences by capacitation in smoking cessation interventions and degree courses, providing further evidence regarding construct validity. All the subscales correlated positively with the criterion variables (5 A's smoking cessation model), except for the 'Organizational resources' subscale, which was not significantly correlated with the 5 A's. The overall Cronbach's alpha was.83 for the Spanish version and.88 for the English one. CONCLUSIONS: Our results provide empirical support for the use of the Knowledge, Attitudes, Behaviors and Organization questionnaire for Students as a reliable and valid instrument to assess knowledge, attitudes, behaviors and organization perceptions in health professions students, which is essential for competent smoking cessation practice. Interestingly, 'Organizational resources' subscale presented the lowest correlations among factors and did not correlate with any component of the 5 A's, suggesting the need of enhancing students' responsibility and involvement during their internships, as well as the interest of some organizations.

Nursing Intervention to Improve Positive Mental Health and Self-Care Skills in People with Chronic Physical Health Conditions.

The exponential increase in the number of people suffering chronic illness has become a problem for which healthcare services need a response. The inclusion of self-care and positive mental health as part of a strategy to promote health offers an opportunity for a reorganization oriented towards community spaces and group interventions. This study undertook the assessment of an intervention designed to optimize the agency of and capacity for self-care and positive mental health by utilizing activities drawn from the Nursing Intervention Classification (NIC), specifically from Field 3 (Behavioral), and organized as a program called PIPsE. A quasi-experimental design was prepared with an intervention group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22), in a primary care center in the Barcelona metropolitan area. The instruments used were two ad hoc questionnaires to collect sociodemographic and satisfaction information and two scales: the Appraisal of Self-care Agency Scale (ASA) and the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ). The results obtained showed a significant increase in self-care capacity and both overall positive mental health and mental health by factors in the intervention group.

A Communicative Intervention to Improve the Psychoemotional State of Critical Care Patients Transported by Ambulance.

BACKGROUND: Communication is key to understanding the emotional state of critical care patients. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the effectiveness of the communicative intervention known as CONECTEM, which incorporates basic communication skills and augmentative alternative communication, in improving pain, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in critical care patients transported by ambulance. METHODS: This study had a quasi-experimental design with intervention and control groups. It was carried out at 4 emergency medical centers in northern Spain. One of the centers served as the intervention unit, with the other 3 serving as control units. The nurses at the intervention center underwent training in CONECTEM. Pretest and posttest measurements were obtained using a visual analog scale to measure pain, the short-version State-Trait Anxiety Inventory to measure anxiety, and the Impact of Event Scale to measure posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms. RESULTS: In the comparative pretest-posttest analysis of the groups, significant differences were found in favor of the intervention group (Pillai multivariate, F2,110 = 57.973, P < .001). The intervention was associated with improvements in pain (mean visual analog scale score, 3.3 pretest vs 1.1 posttest; P < .001) and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms (mean Impact of Event Scale score, 17.8 pretest vs 11.2 posttest; P < .001). Moreover, the percentage of patients whose anxiety improved was higher in the intervention group than in the control group (62% vs 4%, P < .001). CONCLUSION: The communicative intervention CONECTEM was effective in improving psychoemotional state among critical care patients during medical transport.

Validation of a Questionnaire to Analyze the Expectations of First-Year Nursing Students.

AIM: The aim of this study was to design and validate a questionnaire to analyze students' expectations, along with their level of interest and overall satisfaction with their nursing studies. BACKGROUND: The expectations of students on entering university are closely related to the level of interest that they have in their area of study and their general satisfaction with it. This is certainly a conditioning factor in their learning. In this regard, there are few quantitative instruments that measure the expectations of first-year nursing students. METHOD: A mixed questionnaire was constructed using items validated in previous studies, along with new items formulated following a review of the literature. The questionnaire was validated with a sample of 339 first-year degree program nursing students. RESULTS: The scales of expectations and degree of interest showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach's α > .7). CONCLUSION: The questionnaire to evaluate the expectations and interest of students demonstrated satisfactory psychometric properties.

Casos clínicos sobre trasplante renal / Case reports about renal transplantation

No disponible

Accesos vasculares: reto constante en las unidades de hemodiálisis / Vascular accesses: constant challenge in hemodialysis units

No disponible

Psychometric evaluation of a new instrument in Spanish to measure the wellness of university nursing faculty.

The aim of this study was to design and validate an instrument to measure the wellness among university nursing faculty. The study was performed in two phases. Phase I consisted of the development of the instrument with discussion groups and participant consensus. We designed an instrument including the 21 items or psychosocial risk factors identified and estimated an index by evaluating the frequency and intensity of each item. The items were grouped into 3 dimensions: teaching work demands, curricular demands, and organizational difficulties. Phase II, we evaluated the psychometric properties of the tool in a sample of 263 participants. Exploratory factor analysis showed a 3-factor structure that explained 53% of the total variance. The internal consistency of the instrument was 0.91 for the whole instrument. The results indicate that the tool developed is valid and reliable and may be a good instrument to monitor the wellness of university nursing faculty.

Positive Mental Health and Prevalence of Psychological Ill-Being in University Nursing Professors in Catalonia, Spain.

The aim of the current study was to examine the prevalence of psychological ill-being among university nursing professors in Spain and determine their grade of positive mental health. A cross-sectional study was conducted from June 2013 to December 2013 with a sample of 263 university nursing professors. Sociodemographic and occupational variables, as well as variables related to daily habits and lifestyle, were collected. Psychological ill-being was measured using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and positive mental health was evaluated with the Positive Mental Health Questionnaire (PMHQ). Prevalence of psychological ill-being (GHQ-12 score >2) among the sample was 27% (range = 21.8% to 32.6%), with a higher prevalence in teachers from first and second cycles (Bachelor's degree and Master's degree, respectively) and a lower prevalence in those having very satisfactory social relationships. Significant differences were found in relation to consumption of tranquilizer drugs and Bach flower remedies. PMHQ scores were lower among teachers with a GHQ-12 score >2. Participants presented a good level of positive mental health. Preventive policies should be applied with the aim of reducing psychological ill-being among professors and potentiating positive mental health. [Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 55(7), 38-48.].

Critical thinking in nursing: Scoping review of the literature.

This article seeks to analyse the current state of scientific knowledge concerning critical thinking in nursing. The methodology used consisted of a scoping review of the main scientific databases using an applied search strategy. A total of 1518 studies published from January 1999 to June 2013 were identified, of which 90 met the inclusion criteria. The main conclusion drawn is that critical thinking in nursing is experiencing a growing interest in the study of both its concepts and its dimensions, as well as in the development of training strategies to further its development among both students and professionals. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that critical thinking has been investigated principally in the university setting, independent of conceptual models, with a variety of instruments used for its measurement. We recommend (i) the investigation of critical thinking among working professionals, (ii) the designing of evaluative instruments linked to conceptual models and (iii) the identification of strategies to promote critical thinking in the context of providing nursing care.

El síndrome metabólico en el paciente renal / Metabolic syndrome in renal patients

No disponible

Valoración de enfermería a una persona mayor atendida en atencióndomiciliaria / Nursing assessment for an elder person served in the Program Primary Care

El programa de Atención Domiciliaria (ATDOM) es elelegido en nuestro caso para identificar la función quetienen los profesionales de enfermería en la detección delas necesidades de las personas mayores dependientes. Elobjetivo es presentar la situación de una persona mayordependiente que recibe cuidados domiciliarios delservicio ATDOM del Centro de Atención Primaria deVilafranca del Penedès. La paciente presenta HTA,diabetes no insulinodependiente y artrosis. Tiene unadependencia moderada en las actividades básicas y en lasactividades instrumentales de la vida diaria. Según lospatrones de Gordon, se han encontrado alterados cincopatrones y según la taxonomía NANDA se hanidentificado ocho diagnósticos de enfermería (AU)

Home care program is chosen in our case to identify therole that nurses in the detection of the needs of elderlydependents. The pourpose to present the status of adependent elderly receiving home care service of the Centerfor Primary Care Vilafranca del Penedès. The patient hashypertension, noninsulin-dependent diabetes and arthritis.It has a moderate dependence in basic activities andinstrumental activities of daily living. According toGordon patterns have been found five patterns and alteredaccording to the NANDA taxonomy has identified eightdiagnoses (AU)

Características del cuidado familiar a pacientes dependientes en programa de hemodiálisis / No disponible

No disponible

Valoración de pacientes tratados con hemodiálisis según la Ley de Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia / Evaluation of patients treated with haemodialysis according to the act for the promotion of personal autonomy and attention to persons in a situation of dependency

La valoración del grado de dependencia de los pacientes en diálisis ha sido objeto de interés como indicador clínico y organizativo. El objetivo del estudio es conocer el grado de dependencia que presentan las personas sometidas a tratamiento con diálisis en Catalunya, según los criterios de la Ley sobre Promoción de la Autonomía Personal y Atención a las personas en situación de dependencia. Se ha realizado un estudio descriptivo transversal en 42 centros de Cataluña sobre el grado de dependencia de los pacientes en hemodiálisis. La recogida de datos se hizo mediante una encuesta basada en el baremo de la Ley más datos sociodemográfico y características del tratamiento. De los pacientes que componían la población renal de Cataluña fueron considerados por los profesionales sanitarios con algún grado de dependencia 806, de ellos 425 eran hombres y 381 mujeres; un 61% tienen edades superiores a 70 años. El 53% viven en pareja y el 80,1% tenían uno o más hijos. El 77,4 % de los pacientes habían sido trabajadores no cualificados, y el 65,4% dijeron no tener estudios. Se consideraron no dependientes 137 pacientes, con dependencia moderada 350, con dependencia importante 237 y con gran dependencia 82. Fue significativa (p<0,005) la relación de la dependencia con la edad, la movilidad y en los grandes dependientes la incapacidad para tomar decisiones. No tuvo significación estadística el tiempo de permanencia en hemodiálisis. Aunque el baremo de la Ley rebaja la valoración de dependencia realizada por los profesionales, los centros de hemodiálisis están atendiendo a un 19% de pacientes dependientes (AU)

The evaluation of the degree of dependency of patients on haemodialysis is a clinical and organizational indicator. The aim of the study is to determine the degree of dependency of people undergoing haemodialysis in Catalonia, according to the criteria established by the Act for the Promotion of Personal autonomy and Attention to Persons in a Situation of Dependency. A transversal descriptive study was carried out in 42 centres in Catalonia on the degree of dependency of patients on haemodialysis. The data were collected through a survey based on the scale established by the Act plus sociodemographic data and treatment characteristics. Of the patients who made up the renal population of Catalonia (3868), 806 were considered by the healthcare professionals to have a high degree of dependency, of whom 425 were men and 381 were women; 61% were older than 70. 53% live with a partner and 80.1% had one or more children. 77.4% of the patients had been unskilled workers, and 65.4% stated that they had no educational qualifications. 137 patients were considered not dependent, 350 were considered to have moderate dependency, 237 with significant dependency and 82 with a high dependency. There was a significant (p<0.005) relationship between dependency and age, mobility and, in those with high dependency, with the inability to make decisions. The time they had been on haemodialysis was not statistically signifi cant. Although the scale established by the Act reduces the evaluation of dependency carried out by the professionals, 19% of the patients being treated by the haemodialysis centres have a clear lack of personal autonomy (AU)